Electricity has become a completely essential part of modern life. It is used to power the largest industries down to the most small household convenience. In your home, electricity is used to power appliances, furnaces, light fixtures, and many other items. Have you ever wondered how precisely your home's electrical system works?
Components
Your home's electrical system is comprised of many different parts, including incoming power lines or passage, an electric meter, service panels and subpanels, house electrical wiring, electrical outlets, switches, and the appliances that use this power. These things can be separated into two distinct categories: rough-in components and finish components. Rough-in components are the electrical elements in your home that are installed in the beginning phases of construction, such as wires, cables, and electrical boxes. On the other hand, finish parts are the elements that are added to your house's structure towards the end of construction, such as outlets, switches, and light fixtures.
How it Works
Electricity is sent to your place from the use company through overhead power lines and/or underground passages. This power is delivered most commonly through three main lines, called three-wire service. This is the kind of energy delivery system that most households have. There are two "hot" wires, which each deliver 120-volts of electricity, and one neutral wire. Most household lights and appliances use 120-volts, only requiring using one hot wire. However, larger appliances and electrical devices, such as air conditioners, electric ovens, furnaces, etc. require both hot wires, using 240-volts of electricity. All electrical circuits require the presence of the neutral line.
An electric meter is located at the point at which the electricity arrives at the house. This device tracks the amount of energy delivered and consumed by the household. From here, the power is channeled to the main service panel, usually called a "breaker box". The main panel is the central distribution point for the complete building's power supply. To realise how this works, one have to understand how an electrical circuit works.
In order for electricity to flow, it must be given a stable, continuing closed trail from beginning to end, with contact never being broken. Like a circle, the power will travel from the power source to the device, and then return back to the power source.
This is why the main service panel is often called the "circuit breaker box". It provides a means of purposely breaking the circuit, to perform service or fix, or to protect against safety risks. From the main panel, electricity is diverted to individual circuits which provide power to separate areas and aspects of the home. Occasionally , power is sent to sub-panels in other areas of the home and then on to the electrical circuits which run throughout the house. These circuits provide power to the various power outlets, or receptacles, and light fixtures in your home, allowing you to operate all your household electronic appliances and lights
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